Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is an automatic identification method, relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or transponders. An RFID tag is an object which  can be attached to or incorporated into a product, animal, or person for the purpose of identification using radio waves. 




An RFID System can be visualized as the sum of the following three components:

• RFID tag or transponder
• RFID reader or transceiver
• Data processing subsystem

An RFID tag has an antenna, a wireless transducer and an encapsulating material. The tags can be either active or passive and applications can choose according to their budget and requirements. Active tags have on-chip power and  passive tags use the power induced by the magnetic field of the RFID reader.The passive tags have a short range and more cheaper than active ones. 

An RFID reader consists of an antenna, transceiver and decoder, which emits signals to know about the tags . Data processor is triggered by the readers on capturing data from tags. 

The data processing subsystem is a middle teir or an application designed to  present or process the data .

Allowed Frequency Ranges :
Low-frequency (LF: 125 - 134.2 kHz and 140 - 148.5 kHz)  and high-frequency (HF: 13.56 MHz) RFID tags can be used globally without a license.

 Ultra-high-frequency (UHF: 868 MHz-928 MHz) cannot be used globally as there is no single global standard. Many countries have a set of frequency ranges that are allowed, so specific to regions.

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